Recent advances in salivary gland cytopathology

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are noted for their exceptional heterogeneity and diversity and for the common morphological overlap taking place between the different entities. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool in the primary diagnosis and management of SGTs. These lesions are generally not subjected to incisional or core needle biopsy because of possible risk of causing a fistula or disruption of the capsule with seeding of tumor cells and subsequent recurrence. FNAC has not been associated with these complications, emphasizing its critical role in the diagnosis of SG lesions. In addition, FNAC is a suitable sampling method for new molecular testing. Recent advances in molecular techniques and the availability of molecular markers have allowed the analysis of submicroscopic alterations in the tissues of these tumors. Moreover, new neoplastic entities have been recognized that contain oncogenic translocations. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in SG neoplasia and new molecular findings in the SGTs will also be addressed.